Particulate Exhaust Analysis from Internal Combustion Engines

Nanoscience and technology have grown explosively in the last decades, because of various synthesis procedures and characterization techniques [1]. From the nineteenth century, carbon nanoparticles are one among the blooming fields of research and have been in constant limelight since then, due to its unique physical and chemical properties, making it a whole host of applications ranging from clean energy to nanoscale electronics [2-9]. The carbon is the sixth most abundant available element in the universe, which is a non-metallic element commonly obtained from coal deposits. The toxicity level to humans is very less for the pure carbon, which makes its application in almost every field of science and technology. The carbon exists in a many allotropic forms, among them graphite, diamond, and amorphous carbon are naturally occurring. Coal, soot, carbide-derived carbon and other impure forms of carbon also come under the terminology amorphous carbon. They are not truly amorphous, but rather polycrystalline materials within an amorphous carbon matrix.